Safety Plan
SOUTHSIDE VIRGINIA COMMUNITY COLLEGE
GENERAL SAFETY PLAN
CRISIS MANAGEMENT PLAN
Prepared by Peter G. Hunt ,Vice President of Finance & Administration
Dale Wooding B & G Superintendent ,Roger Wray B & G Superintendent
Revised 10/06
Fire Safety and Emergency Plan, OSHA, Safety Policies and Procedures, Record Keeping Requirements,
Training, Means of Egress, Occupational Health and Environment , Personal Protective Equipment,
General Environmental Controls, Medical and First Aid, Fire Protection, Material Handling and Storage,
Machine Guarding and Mechanical Safety, Portable Powered Hand Tools, Welding Cutting and Brazing,
Electrical, Illumination, Boilers HVAC and Piping, Laboratory Safety, Crisis Management Plan
College Maintenance & Operations Plan
SAFETY PLAN
I. INTRODUCTION
A. Purpose
Southside Virginia Community College's Safety, Fire and Environmental Health Plan is established to provide and maintain comprehensive and continuing effort that is in accordance with the policies of the Institution's Administration. The primary goal of the program is to establish, promote, implement, and maintain good safety, fire prevention, and health procedures, policies, and practices for the student body, faculty, and staff.
B. Objective
Objectives of this Safety Plan include:
1. Develop a comprehensive Safety Manual. The manual will include policies, rules, regulations, standards, etc. that will insure the institution's compliance with State and Federal laws.
2. Develop and distribute an Emergency Response Procedures Manual.
3. Use of the Operational Affairs Committee and\or Safety Committee and the Vice President's Office to assure a safe campus and to maintain sound working relationships with the Buildings and Grounds Department.
4. Continue the effort to assure an effective and beneficial training program for the purpose of assuring safety, fire, and environmental health awareness.
5. Conduct periodic inspections to assure compliance with all standards, rules, and regulations issued by State and Federal agencies.
6. Maintain Safety, Fire, and Environmental Health records as required.
7. Assist in technical problem solving activities to assure compliance with State and Federal regulations. Review of architectural drawings and specifications of new construction projects to assure adherence to Safety, Fire, and Environmental Regulations.
C. Policy Statement
The personal safety and health of each employee and student of this institution are of primary importance. The safety and health program is directed toward both the well-being of employees and students to provide a safe and healthy environment.
To be successful, such a program must embody the proper attitudes toward injury and illness prevention on the part of supervisory employees and students. It also requires cooperation in all safety and health matters.
SVCC's objective is a safety and health plan that will reduce the number of injuries and illnesses to an absolute minimum. Encouragement and endorsement of safety-related activities have been emphasized at every level of management, and it is the college's goal to maintain an accident free record.
D. Responsibility Statement
1. Employee Responsibility
All employees will be made aware of college safety rules regulations as established by the college. Employees will be responsible for their actions on the college campus in regard to their own safety and actions that could affect other employees. Employees must exercise good judgment and common sense with respect to their on the job performance while using equipment or making decisions that relate to their safety and the safety of others, including students in classrooms and laboratories as well as college employees. Safety is brought about by human beings that are safety conscious and having been trained to work and react in a conscientious manner. Safety is a matter of self-discipline and awareness that only you can give yourself.
2. College's Responsibility
The college is responsible to make every effort to train employees and promote safety in the work place by providing policies, procedures and a work place environment that is safe and free from hazards that could create accidents. It is the responsibility of the college to provide safety programs and orientations and take necessary disciplinary actions when safety violations occur by employees.
Fire Safety Plan
The College, with permission of the State Fire Marshall, utilizes a Fire Safety Plan in lieu of holding fire drills each semester. Every instructor in the classroom on the first class meeting reviews the Fire Safety Plan with students, calling their attention to the fire exit plan posted on the wall just inside the room door. (The designation of students to assist the instructor with any disabled students that might be in the class is done at this time.)
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Southside Virginia Community College
FIRE SAFETY AND EMERGENCY PLAN
1. To exit the building in case of fire or emergency, students should use the evacuation route posted near the doorway. (Instructor should insure that students are familiar with the route as posted.)
2. You should remain outside the building until a College official tells you to return.
3. The instructor will ask the first student leaving the classroom/laboratory to "PULL" the fire alarm located in the hallway.
4. The instructor will designate one or more persons to assist any physically disabled person(s).
5. Once everyone is safely out of the building, the instructor or his/her designee will use the nearest telephone to notify the campus operator of the emergency. The switchboard operator will contact the appropriate emergency service(s).
Accidents & Accident Forms
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Forms to cover various types of accidents are provided, along with instructions for their use. More specific instructions are provided for automobile accidents, but employees need to be aware that calling the STATE POLICE is required if you are driving a state vehicle or your own vehicle and getting reimbursed for the mileage.
Automobile Loss Notice (Instructions shown)
General Liability Loss (For student accidents)
Workmen's Compensation Report (Employer's First Report of Accident) This form must be filed or completed by the Vice President of Finance & Administration's office and filed within 2 working days of the accident.
WHO'S RESPONSIBILE AND DIFFERENT CLASSIFICATION FOR ACCIDENTS:
STUDENT ACCIDENTS: All faculty and staff should be aware of student accidents and their responsibility to assist in any manner they can including providing assistance or securing professional assistance to take care of the situation. The same individual or individuals need to be aware the accident needs to be reported to the college business office as soon as feasible. Other information that is needed for the college's responsibility are:
1. What happened or how did the accident occur.
2. Were there any witnesses to the accident.
3. Where the accident happened and at what time it occurred.
4. Names of injured or any witnesses.
FACULTY AND STAFF ACCIDENTS: Accidents must be reported to the employee's supervisor as soon as feasible. If the employee is unable, another faculty or staff member should take this responsibility as soon as the injured employee has been attended to. These accidents are reportable under WORKMEN'S COMPENSATION LAWS which require THE college to report them and the details involved within seven working days of the occurrence. The following information is required:
1. How did the accident occur and what caused it.
2. When was it reported to the employee's supervisor.
3. Where there any witnesses to the accident.
4. Information on possible injuries to the employee.
5. Date and time of the accident.
6. Will there be lost work time because of the accident.
Environmental Compliance Guide and Information
In today's environment the College must concern itself with the procurement, use, and disposal of many chemicals--pesticides that are being used in the college laboratories, shops, and physical plant needs. The presence of these products on the college campus requires an awareness of each individual that uses or comes in contact with them. Some of these products are potentially toxic both during the use and storage and need to be handled by informed faculty and staff. After a certain time lapse, many of these chemicals can become hazardous materials. Most of these products are regulated by OSHA criteria and standards for the protection of the users.
The College must provide information to all faculty and staff regarding the use and disposal of these chemicals and have copies of these material safety data sheets in the science labs and the Buildings and Grounds Superintendent's office.
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ACT (OSHA)
Introduction
The Williams-Steiger Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 went into effect April 28, 1971. The purpose and policy of the act is "to assure so far as possible every working man and woman in the nation safe and healthful working conditions and to preserve our human resources." On March 1 of 1974 (revised February 2, 1987), the Safety and Health Codes Commission of the Commonwealth of Virginia adopted the Virginia Occupational Safety and Health Program (VOSHA). All rules, regulations and standards developed and required by the OSHA and the Virginia Department of Labor and Industry will be observed by all operations of the Virginia Community College System. All inspections conducted by the Virginia Department of Labor and Industry will be made in an effort to comply with these standards.
Occupational Safety and Health Standards
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In general, job safety and health standards consist of rules for avoidance of hazards which have been proven by research and experience to be harmful to personal safety and health. They constitute an extensive compilation of wisdom which sometimes applies to all employees. An example of this would be free protection standards. A great many standards, however, apply only to workers while engaged in specific types of work, such as handling compressed gases. It is the obligation of all employees and employers to familiarize themselves with those standards which apply to them and to observe them at all times.
Any employee who has been or is being exposed in a biologically significant manner to harmful agents or materials in excess of applicable standards shall be promptly notified by his employer, and informed of corrective action being taken.
Complaints of Violations
Any employee (or representative thereof) who believes that a violation of job safety or health standard exists which threatens physical harm, or that an imminent danger exists, may request an inspection by sending a signed written notice to the Department of Labor. Grounds for the notice and a copy shall be provided to the employer. Names of the complainants need not, however, be furnished to the employer.
If the secretary finds no reasonable grounds for the complaint and a citation is not issued, the commissioner is required to notify the complainants in writing of his determination of final deposition of the matter.
Penalties for Violations
State and Federal laws provide stiff penalties for both employers and individual supervisors who violate safety and health laws. Furthermore, employers who discriminate (or encourage others to do so) against an employee because such employee has filed a complaint of, or testified in regards to a violation of State and Federal safety and health (hazardous situation) may be fined up to $1,000. However, failure to correct a non-serious condition within the prescribed time period can carry penalties up to $1,000 per day. In addition, there are other administrative violations for which citations may be issued. For example, falsifying records, reports, or applications can bring a fine of $10,000 and up to six months in jail for each occurrence. For any employer who willfully or repeatedly violates the Act, penalties of up to $10,000 for each violation will be accessed. Penalties for violations of State and Federal safety laws may include personal liability for executives punishable by fines and/or imprisonment.
Safety Officer
Responsibility for the safety and health program may be assigned to any individual. For the purpose of discussing authorities and responsibilities, the individual at the Community College responsible for the safety and health program will be the Vice President of Finance & Administration and will be referred to in the plan as the Safety Officer.
Safety Education
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Review of Accidents and Safety Problems
The Safety Officer will review accident experiences and allied safety problems that arise on or are connected with Virginia Community College System's property, review reports of serious accidents and fires, and submit recommendations to correct hazardous conditions to increase safety efficiency. The Safety Officer has the responsibility of recommending essential changes in existing policies to improve safety efficiency, physical or structural alterations required to eliminate control hazards and provide programs designed to create and maintain interest in safety.
Promotion and Publicity
The Safety Officer conducts campus site safety and health promotion and publicity programs as required by the community college. The facilities of the Safety Officer will be available to departments in publicizing the Safety and Health Program.
Purchase and Design of Safety Equipment
The Safety officer will assist the community college in determining the need for specific types of safety guards, apparel, storage containers, or any other safety equipment. On request the Safety Officer will provide source and standards information for safety equipment.
Procurement of Safety and Health Materials and Matter
The Safety Officer will provide,on request, assistance to all departments in training personnel in fire prevention and fire fighting accident prevention, environment health and sanitation, personal first aid and other related subjects required at the community college to meet compliance requirements.
Training assistance in the following safety and health areas are available through the Safety Officer.
a. Fire Prevention, Suppression, and Evacuation
b. First Aid in Emergencies
c. Environmental Health and Sanitation
Miscellaneous
The Safety Officer will from time to time publish safety fact sheets and statistics in order that department heads may have the current indicators of trends, hazardous areas and deficiencies in the safety and health program. In addition, the Safety Officer will prepare charts, graphics, posters, training aids and other related items as deemed necessary to further the safety and health goals of the community college.
Accident Reports
The Safety Officer is responsible for maintaining an accurate file and coordinating all accident/injury reporting procedures.
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Safety Policies and Procedures
Fire Evacuation Plan
In each classroom, laboratory, or other places where students are assembled for the purpose of instruction, a fire evacuation plan will be posted indicating the direction of travel from the room in the event it becomes necessary to evacuate the building as a result of fire or other emergency. The plan will be reviewed annually, and should include instructions for caring for handicapped occupants. The plan will be posted in a conspicuous place near the exit from the room. Each instructor should insure that students are familiar with the evacuation route posted in each classroom. Also, that any time the fire alarm sounds, the building will be evacuated. Students will be made aware of the evacuation plan location and instructed to follow this plan when evacuation of the building becomes necessary for any emergency. Each department head will be responsible for insuring that the fire evacuation plan is present in each room. The Safety Officer will be notified when it becomes necessary to replace the plan. It is the instructors' responsibility to see that any handicapped students in his or her classroom are assisted in evacuating the building.
Safety Plan
The Safety Officer is responsible for updating the Community College Safety Plan. The Community College Safety Plan is intended to provide general rules for Safety and Health and establish procedures to further the ultimate goal of the Community College Safety Program. As a minimum it should cover most common safety and health work situations found at the college.
The Community College may (but is not required to) use this Safety Guide for Physical Plant Operations as their safety manual instead of developing and maintaining a separate document. If adopted by the college, any additional unique safety considerations must be attached to this guide along with a statement appointing a Safety Officer and any other individuals that may be assigned safety responsibilities. The addition of such attachments has been provided for by reference to additional appendices. The table of contents should be updated to reflect any attachments. Additional copies of this plan are available from the Vice President of Finance's secretary.
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General Safety Rules
Accident Prevention Signs and Tags
Signs and symbols required by this part shall be visible at all times when work is being performed, and shall be removed or covered promptly when the hazard no longer exists. Refer to the Occupational Safety and Health manuals for examples and specifications of marking physical hazards.
Danger Signs
Danger signs shall be used only where an immediate hazard exists. These signs shall have red as the predominate color for the upper panel; blank outline on the borders; and white lower panel for additional sign wording.
Caution Signs
Caution signs shall be used only to warn against potential hazards or to caution against unsafe practices. These signs shall have yellow as the predominate color; black upper panel and borders; yellow lettering of "caution" on the black panel; and the lower yellow panels for additional sign wording.
Exit Signs
Exit signs shall be lettered in legible red letters, not less than 6 inches high, on a white field and the principal stroke of the letter shall be at least three-fourths inch in width.
Safety Instruction Signs
Safety instruction signs, when used, shall be white with green upper panel with white letters to convey the principle message. Any additional wording on the sign shall be black letters on the white background.
Directional Signs
Directional Signs shall be white with a burgundy panel and white directional symbol. Any additional wordings on the sign shall be burgundy letters on the white background.
Traffic Signs
Construction areas shall be posted with legible traffic signs at the points of hazard. All traffic control signs or devices used for protection or construction workmen shall conform to American National Standards Institute 6.1-1961, Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways.
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Accident Prevention Tags
Accident prevention tags shall be used as a temporary means of warning employees of an existing hazard, such as defective tools, equipment, etc. They shall not be used in place of, or as substitute for, accident prevention signs.
Microwave Ovens
The United States Department of Health, Education and Welfare offers the following safety tips for all microwave oven users:
a. Read the instruction manual for the manufacturer's recommendations for safe operation of the oven.
b. Examine the oven for evidence of shipping damage.
c. Stay at least a full arm's length away from the front of an operating oven.
d. Switch the oven timer off before opening the door.
e. Do not allow children near the viewing port to watch the cooking food.
f. Never insert objects (for example, a fork prong, aluminum foil, wire) through the door grill or around the seal.
g. Never tamper with or inactivate the oven safety interlocks-devices to turn off the oven automatically when the door is opened.
h. Never operate an empty oven.
I. Do not use metal cook ware.
j. Frequently clean oven cavity, door and seals with water and mild detergent. Do not use scoring pads, steel wool, or other abrasives.
k. Have oven regularly serviced by a qualified serviceman for sign of wear, damage, or tampering.
Housekeeping
During the course of construction, alterations or repairs, forms and scrap lumber with protruding nails, and all other debris shall be kept cleared form work areas, passageways, and stairs, in and around buildings or other structures.
Combustible scrap and debris shall be removed daily during the course of construction. Safe means shall be provided to facilitate such removal.
Containers shall be provided for the collection and separation of water, trash, oily and used rags, and other refuse. Containers used for garbage and other oily, flammable or hazardous wastes, such as caustics, acids, harmful dusts, etc., shall be disposed of at frequent and regular intervals.
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Personal Protective and Life Saving Equipment
Head Protection
Employees working in areas where there is a possible danger of head injury from impact, or from falling or flying objects, or from electrical shock, and burns shall be protected by protective helmets.
Helmets for the protection of employees against impact and penetration of falling and flying objects, shall meet the specifications contained in American National Standards Institute Z.89.1-1969. Safety Requirements for Industrial Head Protection.
Helmets for the head protection of employees exposed to high voltage electrical shock and burns shall meet the specifications contained in American National Standards Institute Z.89.2.1970.
Hearing Protection
Wherever it is not feasible to reduce the noise levels or duration of exposures of noise specified in Table G-16, Permissible Noise Exposure in 1910.95 Occupational Safety and Health Act Standard, ear protection devices shall be provided and used.
Ear protection devices inserted in the ear shall be fitted or determined individually by competent persons. Plain cotton is not an acceptable protective device.
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Eye and Face Protection
Employees shall be provided with eye and face protection equipment when operating machines or equipment which present a potential eye or face injury from physical, chemical, or radiation agents.
Eye and face protection equipment shall meet the requirements specified in American National Standards Institute Z.87.1-1968, Practice for Occupational and Educational Eye and Face Protection.
Employees whose vision requires the use of corrective lenses in spectacles, when required by this part to wear eye protection, shall be protected by goggles or spectacles or one of the following types:
a. Spectacles when protective lenses provide optical correction.
b. Goggles that can be worn over corrective spectacles without disturbing the adjustment of the spectacles.
c. Goggles that incorporate corrective lenses mounted behind the protective lenses.
Face and eye protection equipment shall be kept clean and in good repair. The use of this type equipment with structural optical defects shall be prohibited.
Respiratory Protection
In emergencies, or when controls required in the section pertaining to personal Protective Equipment fail or are inadequate to prevent harmful exposure to employees, appropriate respiratory protective devices shall be used.
Respiratory protective devices shall be approved by the United States Bureau of Mines or be acceptable to the United States Department of Labor for the specific contaminant to which the employee is exposed.
Respirator Selection
The physical and chemical properties of the contaminant, as well as the toxicity and concentration of the hazardous material, shall be considered in selecting the proper respirators. Conditions, as well as the limitations and characteristics of the available respirators, shall also be factors considered in making the proper selection.
Issuance, Use and Care of Respirators
Employees required to use respiratory protective equipment approved for use in atmospheres immediately dangerous to life shall be thoroughly trained in its use. Employees required to use other types of respiratory protective equipment shall be instructed in its use and limitations on such equipment.
Respiratory protective equipment shall be inspected regularly and maintained in good condition. Gas mask canisters and chemical cartridges shall be replaced as necessary so as to avoid undue resistance to breathing.
Respiratory protective equipment which has been previously used shall be cleaned and disinfected before it is issued to another employee.
Emergency rescue equipment shall be cleaned and disinfected immediately after each use.
Electrical Protective Devices
Rubber gloves, blankets, sleeves, insulating boots, line hose, shall be worn or used by those employees subjected to contact of high voltage sources. Rubber gloves and blankets will be dielectrically tested every 60 days and all other equipment will be visually inspected every time it is used.
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Public Assembly Buildings
In order to ensure timely evacuation of buildings in the event of fire or other accidents, all interior and exterior exits (to include fire escapes) will be properly marked and illuminated when the building is in use.
Exit doors must open outward and be in proper operating condition.
Doors, to include sections of double doors, will not be locked while groups of persons are present in the building. Exterior doors of auditoriums, cafeteria and classroom buildings shall be equipped with panic hardware in usable condition.
Doors must not be blocked or barred when buildings are in use. All aisles and hallways leading to exits must be kept free of debris, storage, or other obstruction at all times. Landings, stairs, and steps shall be equipped with the proper number of handrails maintained in good condition. Exit routes must be adequately illuminated. Floor surfaces must be kept clean, in good condition, and cleared of slipping and tripping hazards.
All exit lights must be maintained in good order. Cigarette receptacles should be provided in smoking areas and immediately adjacent to entrances to "No Smoking" areas. Cigar and cigarette butts will be disposed of in the proper container.
Color Code
The Community College recognized the American National Standard Code Z.53.1-1967 as the best authority for good practice in marking of physical hazards and the identification of certain equipment. As defined in the code these are the basic meanings of color usage:
COLOR DESIGNATION
Red Fire Apparatus-Stop-Danger.
Orange Dangerous part of machine or energized equipment.
Yellow Marks physical hazards and designates caution. Also designates fire lanes and tow away zone.
Green Designated "Safety" for bulletin boards, gas masks, first aid kits, safety deluge showers.
Blue To warn against starting, use of or movement of equipment under repair of being worked upon.
Purple Ionizing radiation exposure present.
Yellow/White Service areas.
Black/White Designation of traffic and combinations of black housekeeping markings.
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Storage and Use of Flammable Liquids
For the purpose of this program, flammable liquids may be defined as those liquids with a flash point of 140 degrees F. or less and having a vapor pressure not exceeding forty pounds per square inch (absolute) at 100 degrees F.
Flammable liquid containers in excess of one (1) gallon shall not be stored in buildings, laboratories, storerooms, or garages. The exceptions are warehouses or vaults designed for this type of storage.
Flammable liquids will be dispensed from and stored in standard safety cans conspicuously labeled as to contents. Dispensing drums will be properly grounded and bounded.
Flammable liquids required in small quantities for frequent use will be stored in approved safety cans in a metal cabinet or closet ventilated to the outside where practical.
Flammable liquids will not be used for cleaning floors, clothing, or equipment.
For those laboratories and shops which do not have a satisfactory flammable liquid disposal system, flammable liquids requiring disposal will be segregated and stored until disposition instructions are received from the Safety Officer. At no time will flammable liquids be poured down drains or sewers. In those cases not covered by specific guidance, the Safety Officer will be contacted immediately.
All containers for storage, issue and transport of flammable liquids shall be clearly marked in accordance with Section 326 of the National Fire Code.
All devices for closing or sealing such containers shall be in good operating condition.
Painting and Paint Storage
Paints and painting is defined to include varnish, shellac, or similar commodities.
Painting, other than minor touch-up or home maintenance type projects will be done only in specified areas designated for this purpose. The exception shall be new construction or renovation projects.
Indoor spray painting will be permitted in properly equipped and specifically designated spray painting booths.
All spray booths, paint rooms, and equipment will be thoroughly cleaned at the close of each day's work.
Paint shall be stored in sealed containers. Paint in unseal able containers will be stored at a safe distance from any combustible type construction or source of ignition.
Wiping rags, strainers, drop cloths, and paint stained work clothing will not be stored with paint thinners, turpentine or other combustible type materials.
Paint brushes will not be left to soak in cleaning fluid but will be cleaned and suspended for air drying and the cleaner will be disposed of or returned to the original container.
All waste masking paper will be removed from the building at the close of each day's work. Oil rags or cleaners must be stored.
All paint spills will be cleaned up immediately. Benches, floors, and all equipment will be cleaned of accumulations of paint.
Smoking is prohibited in any part of the paint shop or in the vicinity of painting.
Empty paint containers will be disposed of daily.
"No Smoking" signs of large letters or contrasting color background shall be conspicuously posted at all spray paint booths.
Each foreman will be held responsible for and will personally inspect all fire extinguishers and will assure himself of their operating condition before ordering work to commence.
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Material Handling
Stacked material shall have a minimum clearance of thirty-six (36) inches between the top of the stacks and joists, rafters, or roof trusses.
Where fire fighting equipment locations and manual fire alarm boxes are not visible from the center aisle, direction signs with white letters on a red field will be erected at an appropriate location.
Approved trucks shall bear a label or some other identifying mark indicating approvals by the testing laboratory for the use and type of environment.
All rider high lift trucks shall be fitted with an approved overhead guard.
Only trained and authorized operators shall be permitted to operate a powered industrial truck.
When leaving a powered industrial truck unattended, lift will be fully lowered, controls neutralized, power shut off, brakes set, and key removed.
Spinner knob shall not be installed unless furnished with original equipment.
Power operated industrial trucks shall not be used in atmospheres containing hazardous concentrations of acetylene, butadiene, ethylene oxide, hydrogen, propylene oxide, acetaldehyde, cyclopropane, diethyl either, ethylene, or unsymmetrical dim ethyl (UDMH).
Aisles will be clearly designated by the use of yellow stripes.
Electrical Safety
No unauthorized person shall tamper with electrical fuse boxes/circuit breakers, alter existing wiring, or install electrical wiring.
Extension Cords
Extension cords and electrical appliance wiring shall be maintained in good repair and must bear the Underwriter Laboratory label (UL) or meet standards of the National Fire Protection Association Code 70. Extension cords will not be used outside the room in which the fixture outlet is located. Under no circumstances shall any extension cord or electrical cord be spliced.
Household type extension cords shall not exceed eight (8) feet in length. Light weight (less than number 14 wire) extensions cords shall not be used. All electric cords shall be properly grounded when in use. This may not be used in the place of permanent wiring.
Fuses and Circuit Breakers
The placing of pennies behind fuses, strapping burned out fuses and/or making direct contact is an extremely hazardous action and not permitted. Circuit breakers and other load protection devices shall not be strap wired or otherwise disabled.
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Appliances
Only appliances bearing the Underwriter Laboratory (UL) shall be connected to the electrical distribution system. Appliances that are deemed unsafe shall be removed.
Appliances available for use shall be considered in use.
Hot plates, coffee pots, electric irons, and other heating equipment (other than those in cafeterias) shall be placed on noncombustible surfaces. They will not be closer than eighteen inches to any combustible wall unless the surface of the wall is shielded by a metal covering extending no less than twelve inches above the appliance.
Personal appliances used by employees shall be required to meet all standards established for college owned appliances.
Laboratory Furnaces and Kilns
Metal Pouring is a particularly hazardous operation, due to the possible presence of impurities in the molds, ladles, pouring troughs, or the metal itself which could cause "spluttering" or "pudding."
Individuals operating metal melting furnaces or kilns must be provided with and required to wear approved eye shield, gloves, and aprons. Bare flesh should not be exposed during the pouring or removal of heated items.
The appropriate class fire extinguishers should be immediately available in the furnace area in the event of fire.
Disposal of Construction Waste Materials
Whenever materials are dropped more that 20 feet to any point lying outside the exterior walls of the buildings, an enclosed chute of wood, or equivalent material, shall be used. For the purpose of this part, an enclosed chute is a slide, closed in on all sides, through which material is moved from a high place to a lower one.
When debris is dropped through holes in the floors without the use of chutes, the area onto which the material is dropped shall be completely enclosed with barricades not less than 6 feet back from projected edge of the opening above. Signs warning of the hazard of falling materials shall be posted at each level. Removal shall not permitted in the lower area until debris handling ceases above.
All scrap lumber, waste material, and rubbish shall be removed from the immediate work areas as the work progresses.
Waste material will be disposed of in an approved solid waste landfill.
All solvent waste, oily rags, and flammable liquids shall be kept in fire resistant covered containers until removed from work site.
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Emergency Lighting System
Some structures may be equipped with emergency lighting systems which would permit uninterrupted service in critical areas and exit facilities under adverse conditions. In order to ensure that these emergency lighting systems are functioning properly, the emergency system shall be checked monthly. The tests should be conducted at times which would cause least disruption.
Power Machinery and Equipment
Supervisors shall allow only experienced personnel to operate power machines and shall give proper instruction in their safe operation.
Power saws, shapers, and other equipment must have the proper type safeguards in place when the equipment is being operated.
Protective eye equipment shall be used when operating machines which could cause particles to be discharges in such manner as to cause injury.
All electrical machinery shall be properly grounded and control switches shall be located at the point of operation best suited to control the equipment.
Power Mowers and Related Equipment
Area to be cut should be examined for loose objects such as tins, pieces of wire, or other objects. Serious injury can result from objects thrown by a rotating blade. The following precautions shall be observed:
a. The engine will be cut off when fueling.
b. Keep hands and feet from under machine.
c. No smoking when filling machine.
d. Fuels will be carried in approved safety cans.
e. Avoid slopes that are too steep for machine, whether using a push mower or riding mower.
f. Suitable foot, eye, and head protection should be worn when operating power mowers.
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Use of Ladders
Prior to using a ladder, an inspection of uprights and ladder shoes should be made. In addition, the rope on extension ladders should be inspected.
Step ladders should be checked for unsafe hinges as well as steps and uprights.
Only a clear type varnish or shellac should be used in the painting of ladders.
Before a new ladder is placed in service, it shall be equipped with rubber shoes and wall grips.
When straight or extension ladders are used on hard surfaces, they must be held or firmly lashed.
The practice of lashing sections together in order to lengthen the ladder is strictly forbidden.
Ladders should be so placed that they offer the least possible impediment to the public or to traffic.
The person using the ladder will avoid over reaching. Move the ladder rather than take a chance on the ladder overturning to the side.
Grinders and Buffers
Considerable eye damage results from improper use of grinders. In order to prevent this danger, wheels will not be used without the metal guard and eye shields in place. In addition, prior to use, the wheels should be checked out for scoring or cracking.
When new wheels are installed, the RPM capacity of the wheels should be checked against the maximum RPM capacity of the motor.
A face shield will be hung on or near grinder and is to be worn by any person operating the grinder.
Work rests shall be adjusted close to the wheel with a maximum opening of 1/8 inch.
High Pressure Gas Cylinders
Gas cylinders may contain up to 3,000 psi pressure. Accidents may occur when the heads of these cylinders are broken off. Escaping gases create jet action of sufficient force to propel the cylinders through the walls of building, creating fires and maiming persons in the vicinity. Flammable gases create additional hazards of catalytic action or oxidation under certain conditions.
Improper storage, movement and use of gas cylinders is considered one of the major safety hazards on the campus. Cylinders shall be properly segregated and securely fastened in storage, movement, and use.
Operators must ensure that head caps are firmly in place when not in use.
Use only the proper gauges when metering the gases.
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Pressurized Containers
Modern pressured packaging of such commodities of spray paint induces unique safety hazards of domiciles and other areas where used. "Empty" pressurized containers, many of which contain flammable materials, leave a residue of gas and material which, if improperly disposed of, may prove injurious.
The following precautions should be followed when using or disposing of these containers:
a. Observe the cautions printed on the can-do not use flammable material near open flames.
b. Empty pressurized cans should not be placed in trash containers or waste baskets. Place them next to such containers so that custodial personnel may dispose of them safely.
c. Do not throw cans in incinerators. Sudden application of heat can cause a violent explosion.
Smoking Regulations
Smoking in buildings is prohibited for one or more of the following reasons:
a. To reduce the danger of fire.
b. To prevent annoyance to non-smokers.
c. To prevent damage to floors, carpets, and furnishings which inevitably goes with smoking.
It is expected that faculty, staff, and students will abide by these regulations.
Smoking is prohibited at all times inside the building.
Social Activities
Organizations or departments desiring to hold large social activities on campus will, at the time of requesting permission from their appropriate person, notify the Safety Officer.
In considering decorations for places of public assembly, no flammable decorations or combustibles, including draperies, shall be used.
No approval will be granted for the use of decorations until such time that they have been demonstrated to be fire resistant.
Authorized decorations permanently hung shall be tested and inspected at 30-day intervals by the individual responsible for the building or his appointed representative.
The use of open flames for lighting in places of public assembly is a potential fire hazard which must be controlled.
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Record Keeping Requirements
Accident Reporting
All accidents to employees, even though they may be considered of minor nature and may result in no lost time or medical expense, are to be reported.
Employees shall be constantly reminded that all accidents occurring on the job should be reported immediately to their Supervisor or Department Head. In case of medical complications after the date of the accident, if all accidents are reported, it will not be necessary for the injured employee to then prove that the accident did occur while on the job.
Purpose of the Accident Report
Employee Accidents
The submission of an Accident Report is necessary to document the circumstances under which any resulting claim may be properly processed or defended. For the most part the information requested on the Accident Report is required by State and Federal law and therefore it is imperative that it be completed. Most of the information contained on the forms provides detailed information as to the cause of the accident. This information is very valuable in the total safety program in assisting departments with the establishment of training programs and rendering assistance which will promote accident prevention.
Student Accidents
Accident reports on students shall be handled in the same manner as employees. Accident reports on students are necessary to determine particularly hazardous areas on campus so that corrective methods may be taken to avoid these accidents.
Who Should Prepare The Accident Report
The Supervisor, Department Head, or the person rendering first aid, or who, at the time of the accident, was in charge of the persons instruction or other activities is responsible for the preparation and submission of the Accident Report for all employees injured while at work. Generally, this task should not be performed by the Safety Officer, unless the Safety Officer was actually present at the time of the accident.
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Occupational Safety and Health Act Requirements
The following Safety and Health records are required by the Occupational Safety and Health Act.
A. Log of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses, OSHA Form No. 200
B. Summary of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses, OSHA Form No. 200
C. Supplementary Record of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses,
OSHA From No. 101
Copies of the Summary of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses, OSHA Form No. 200 must be posted in prominent places such as the Administration Building during the entire month of February of each year.
Records described above must be retained for a period of 5 years following the end of the year to which they relate.
Reporting Fatalities and Multiple Hospitalizations
Reports of fatalities and/or multiple hospitalizations must be reported to the Area Director of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor within 48 hours after the occurrence. The Regional Office of Occupational Safety and Health Administration serving Virginia is listed below:
Regional Office Occupational Safety and Health Administration,Gateway Building, Suite 2100,3535 Market Street Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 Phone: (215) 596-1201
The initial report may be made by telephone or fax and must relate the circumstances of the accident, the number of fatalities, and extent of any injuries. The Regional Area Director of Occupational Safety and Health Administration may require additional reports in writing or otherwise as he deems necessary concerning the accident.
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Training
Training films, slides, etc., are available from many sources for Department Heads or Members of a Safety Committees. The Safety Officer will assist in locating safety training materials if necessary.
Committees
Committees are appointed in various departments throughout the campus. Departmental committee members are responsible for conducting monthly safety inspections, assuring compliance with all standards and regulations, and maintaining a sound working relationship with the Safety Officer. Safety inspection checklist forms are available to the chairman of each committee. Upon completion of the inspection, the checklist is submitted to the Safety Officer and becomes the inspection report which is used to correct violations.
Inspection and Checklist Systems
Purpose
The primary purpose of the checklist system is to assure uniformity of inspections. There are various inspections that will be conducted at regularly scheduled intervals. The Safety Officer will conduct or cause to be conducted safety and fire inspections of all community college buildings to insure compliance with current State and Federal regulations.
Inspection Frequency and Procedure
In addition to semi-annual safety inspections, the Safety Officer will conduct or cause to be conducted the following inspections:
a. Emergency light systems
b. Fire extinguishers
c. Fire alarm systems
d. Automatic Sprinkler Systems
e. Fire hydrants
f. Standpipes
Inspection reports will be forwarded to the president who will forward a copy of the report to the Superintendent of Buildings and Grounds. Within thirty days of the Superintendent of Buildings and Grounds will return the report to the President, with the corrective action taken or planned. The report will then be forwarded to the Safety Officer where it will be placed on file.
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Walking-Working Surfaces
Walking Surfaces
Surfaces of floors in the work place, passageways, storerooms, and service rooms shall be kept in good repair, free from holes, splinters and loose boards so that they may be kept clean and orderly.
Aisles and passageways shall be kept clear. There shall be no obstruction across or in aisles that could create a hazard. Permanent aisles and passageways shall be appropriately marked.
Special Purpose Flooring and Surfaces
Mats, gratings, false floors, or other non slip materials shall be used in refrigerated compartments, wet process areas and other locations where drainage is necessary.
Floor Openings and Floor Hole Protection
Floor openings and floor holes such as ladder ways, hatchways, floor chutes, manholes, into which a person can accidentally walk, shall be guarded by either a standard railing with a toe board on all exposed sides or a floor hole cover of standard strength hinged in place. When cover is not in place, it shall be attended or protected by a removable standard railing. Temporary floor openings shall be attended or protected by standard railings.
Open-Sided Work Surfaces
Open-sided floors, platforms, and runways 4 feet or more above the floor or ground level shall be guarded by a standard railing on all open sides with a toe board to prevent falls of materials.
Special hazards created by open-sided floors in close proximity to dangerous equipment, tanks or pits containing dangerous chemicals shall be guarded with a standard railing and toe board regardless of height.
Specifications for Railings
Standard Railings
Shall consist of top rail, intermediate rail and posts, and shall have a vertical height of 42 inches from upper surface of top rail to floor. The intermediate rail shall be half way between the top rail and the floor.
Wood Railings
The posts shall be at least 2 x 4 inch stock, space not to exceed 6 feet with top and intermediate rails of at least 2 x 4 inch stock. Post may be spaced on 8 foot centers if top rail is made of two right angle pieces of 1 x 4 inch stock. The top rail shall be smooth-surfaced throughout its length.
Structural Steel Railings
The posts, top and intermediate railings shall be a least 1-1/2 inches nominal diameter with posts spaced not more than 8 feet on centers.
Load Strength
The anchoring of posts and framing of members for railings of all types shall be of such construction that the completed structure shall be capable for withstanding a load of at least 200 pounds applied in any direction at any point of the top rail.
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Heavy Stresses
Additional strength should be provided by use of heavier stock, and closer spacing of posts and bracing when railings are subject to heavy stress.
Stair Railing
A stair railing shall be of construction similar to the standard railing but the vertical height shall not be more than 34 inches or less than 30 inches from the upper surface of top rail to surface of tread in line with face of riser at forward edge of tread.
Handrails
Mounting of handrails shall be directly on a wall or partition using brackets on the lower side of the handrails so as to offer no obstruction to a smooth surface along its top sides.
a. Height of handrails shall be not more than 34 inches from the upper surface of handrail to surface of tread, in line with the face of the riser or to the surface of the ramps.
b. Handrails of hardwood shall be at least 2 inches in diameter. Handrails of metal pipe shall be at least 1-1/2 inches in diameter.
c. Brackets shall be of such length as will give clearance of at least 3 inches between handrail and wall or any projection and spacing shall not exceed 8 feet.
d. Mounting of handrails shall be such that the completed structure is capable of withstanding a load of at least 200 pounds applied in any direction at any point on the rail.
Stairway Railing Requirements
Every flight of stairs having four or more rises shall be equipped with standard stair railings or standard handrails. The width of the stair, measured clear of all obstructions except handrails, shall determine railing requirements.
Stairways less than 44 inches wide with both sides enclosed require at least one handrail; with one open side, at least one stair railing on the open side; with both sides open, one stair railing on each side.
Stairways more than 44 inches wide but less than 88 inches wide require one handrail on each enclosed side and one stair railing on each open side. Stairways more than 88 inches wide shall be equipped similarly with one intermediate stair railing approximately midway of the width.
Winding stairs shall be equipped with a handrail offset where the treads are less than 6 inches wide.
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Specifications for Toe boards and Other Protection
Standard toe boards shall be 4 inches in vertical height from its top edge to the level of the floor, platform, runway or ramp securely fastened with no more than 1/4 inch clearance above floor level. It may be made of any substantial material either solid or with openings not over 1 inch in greatest dimension.
Where material is piled to such height that a standard toe board does not provide protection, paneling from floor to the top rail, shall be provided.
Floor and Roof Loading
Posting of Live Loads
Conspicuous posting of live loads shall be required in every building or other structure used for industrial or storage purposes.
Restriction of Loading
It shall be "unlawful" to place, or cause or permit to be placed, on any floor or roof of a building, or other structure, a load greater than that for which such floor or roof is approved by the building official.
Water Absorbent Commodity Storage
Safety floor loads shall not be exceeded. For water absorbent commodities, normal floor loads should be reduced to take into account the added weight of water which can be absorbed during fire fighting operation.
Ladders
Loading
The minimum design live load shall be a single concentrated load of 200 pounds. The number and position of additional concentrated live load of units of 200 pounds each, as determined from anticipated usage of the ladder, shall be considered in the design. OSHA 1910.27 a
Slope of Pitch
Portable (rung and cleat) non-self-supporting ladders shall be erected at a pitch of 75 ½ degrees for maximum balance and strength. A simple rule for setting up a ladder at the proper angle is to place the base a distance from the vertical support equal to 1/4 of the working length (the length along the ladder between the foot and to support) of the ladder.
Stability
Ladders shall be placed so as to prevent slipping, or they shall be lashed, or held in position.
Inspection and Tagging
Ladders shall be inspected frequently and those with defects shall be removed from service and tagged or marked "Dangerous" - "Do Not Use."
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Dressing
All wood parts shall be smoothly machined and dressed on all sides so as to be free from sharp edges and splinters.
Defective Equipment
The use of ladders with broken or missing rungs, cleats, steps or side rails or other faulty equipment is prohibited.
Repairs
Ladders with improvised repairs shall not be used.
Access to Landings
Ladder rails shall extend at least 36 inches above landings.
Portable Wood Ladders
Ladders provided by the employer shall be in accordance with American National Standards Institute "Safety Code for Portable Wood Ladder, A14.1" and Part 19910.25 of the Federal Occupational Safety and Health Act Federal Register.
Construction and testing requirements are different for each type ladder because of the variety of materials and hardware used; therefore, additional detailed specifications for ladders described herein or for other special type ladders not covered, if required, shall be obtained from the reference standard.
Portable Metal Ladders
Ladders provided by the employer shall be in accordance with United States of America Standard "Safety Code for Portable Metal Ladders, A14.2" Construction, design and testing requirements are different for each type ladder because of the variety of material and hardware used; therefore, additional detailed specifications for ladders herein or for other special type ladders not covered, if required, shall be obtained from the reference standard.
Fixed Ladder
This section is intended to cover general requirements for fixed ladders of the individual rung and rail type construction. Because of the different design and specification requirements, more detailed information, if needed, should be obtained from United States of America Standard "Safety Code for Fixed Ladders, A14.3."
Pitch of Slope Angle
The preferred pitch of fixed ladders shall be considered to come in the range of 75 degrees to 90 degrees with the horizontal. Ladders having a pitch in excess of 90 degrees with the horizontal shall not be permitted.
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Construction of Fixed Ladders
Ladders shall be designed to support a live load of at least 200 pounds. Rungs, cleats, and steps shall be free of splinters, sharp edges, burrs, or projections. Side rails which might be used as a climbing aid shall be without sharp edges, burrs, or projections. When different types of materials are used in the construction of a ladder, the materials used shall be so treated as to have no deleterious effect, one upon the other. Adequate means shall be taken to protect dissimilar metals from electrolytic action when such metals are joined.
Rungs, cleats, side rails, fastenings, and splicing; Refer to United States of America "Safety Code for Fixed Ladders, A14.3" for detailed specifications as to dimensions and construction features.
Maintenance and Preservation
Ladders shall be maintained in safe condition. Ladders shall be inspected regularly, with the intervals between inspection being determined by use and exposure.
Landing Platforms and Access to Fixed Ladders
Platforms
When ladders are used to ascend to heights exceeding 20 feet, landing platforms shall be provided for each 30 feet of height or fraction thereof, except that, where no cage, well, or ladder safety device is provided, landing platforms shall be provided for each 20 feet of height or fraction thereof.
Platform Construction
Landing platforms shall be equipped with standard railings and toe boards so arranged to give safe access to the ladder. Platforms shall be not less than 24 inches in width and 30 inches in length.
Access
The step-across distance from nearest edge of the ladder to the nearest edge of equipment or structure shall be not more than 23 inches, or less than 2-1/2 inches.
Means of Egress
General Applications
Exit Facilities (Required Exit Capacity)
The capacity of occupancies, other than dormitories and educational occupancies, shall be one per 100 square feet across floor area. For special purpose occupancy other than dormitories and educational occupancies and open structures, the capacity shall be the maximum number of persons to occupy the area under any probable condition.
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Measurement of Width of Means of Egress
Means of egress shall be measured in units of exit width of 22 inches. Fractions of a unit shall not be counted, except that 12 inches added to one or more full units shall be counted as one-half a unit of exit width. Units of exit width shall be measured in the clear at the narrowest point of the means of egress except that a handrail may project inside the measured width on each side not more than 3-1/2 inches and a stringer may project inside the measured width not more than 1-1/2 inches. An exit or exit access door swinging into an aisle or passageway shall not restrict the effective width thereof at any point during its swing to less than the minimum widths hereafter specified.
Capacity of Exits
The capacity of a unit width shall be as follows:
Doors leading outside the building at grade or not more than 21 inches above or below grade One unit for 60 persons
Horizontal exits One unit for 100 persons but not more than 50% of exit capacity
Marking Exits
Signs designating exists or ways of travel thereto shall be provided according to BOCA Code. Exit lighting shall be provided where natural illumination is insufficient.
Swing of Doors
An exit door shall be of the swinging type. It shall swing with exit travel except when serving a story or room having a population of not more than 50 persons, provided there are not high hazard contents.
A door giving access to a stairway shall swing in the direction of exit travel. A door during its swing shall not block stairs or landings and in not case in new buildings shall any door at any point in its swing reduce the effective width or stair or landing to less than 20 inches, nor when open interfere with the full use of the stairs.
Locking of Exit doors
An exit door shall be so arranged as to be readily opened from the side from which egress is to be made at all times when the building served thereby is occupied. Locks, if provided, shall not require the use of a key for operation from the inside of the building.
A latch or other fastening device on an exit door shall be provided with a knob, handle, panic bar, or other simple type of releasing device, the method of operation for which is obvious, even in the darkness.
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Maintenance
Every required exit, way of approach thereto and way of travel from the exit into the street or open space, shall be continuously maintained free of all obstructions and impediments to full instant use in the case of fire or other emergency.
Emergency and Exit Lighting
Illumination of means of egress shall be provided for every building and structure where artificial lighting is provided for normal use and occupancy of the building or structure.
Every exit and the necessary ways of exit access thereto shall be illuminated to facilitate egress when natural lighting is insufficient. Such illumination shall be continuous during the time that the conditions of occupancy require that the means of egress be available for use.
Exit signs shall be suitably illuminated by a reliable light source giving a value of not less than 5 foot candles on the illuminated surface.
Ramps and Means of Egress
A ramp may be used as an exit or exit component in a means of egress if t meets the following requirements;
a. Class A ramps shall have a width of 44 inches or greater, slope of 1 in 10, 12 feet maximum height between landings, with a capacity in persons per unit for exit width of 60 in the down direction and 45 in the up direction. Life Safety Code 5-2.5.2
b. Class B ramp shall be 30 to 44 inches wide, 1 in 8 slope, maximum height between landings of 12 feet, and a capacity in persons per unit of exit width of 45 persons in either down or up direction. Life Safety Code 5-2.5.2
c. A ramp and the platforms and landings associated therewith shall be designed for not less than 100 pounds per square foot live load.
D. The slope of ramps shall not vary between landings. Landings shall be level and change of direction of travel if any, shall be made only at landings.
E. A ramp shall have a non slip surface.
Construction requirements and details for guards and handrails vary according to class of ramp and size of occupancy.
Doors
Any swinging fire doors and any door in stair enclosure walls designed to prevent the spread of fire shall be provided with approved positive latching means to hold it in the closed position against the pressure of expanding fire gases. Enclosure door shall not at any time be secured in the open position.
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NOTE: EXCEPT FOR CERTAIN ELECTRICALLY ACTIVATED DOOR RELEASES AN ENCLOSURE DOOR SHALL BEAR A SIGN READING SUBSTANTIALLY AS FOLLOWS: "FIRE DOOR--KEEP DOOR CLOSED."
Minimum Number of Exits
Every room or space with a capacity of over 50 persons or over 1,000 square feet in area shall have at least 2 doorways as remote from each other as practicable. Such doorways shall provide access to separate exits, but, where egress is through corridors, may open upon a common corridor leading to separate exits in opposite directions.
Travel Distance to Exits
Except in open plan and flexible plan buildings, travel distance to an exit from any point in a building without a complete automatic fire extinguishing system shall not exceed 150 feet, and shall not exceed 200 feet in any building.
Access to Exits
Any corridor shall not be less than 6 feet wide in the clear. Doors which swing into an exit access corridor shall be recessed to prevent interference with corridor traffic; any doors not so recessed shall open 180 degrees to stop against the wall. Doors in any position shall not reduce the required minimum 6 foot corridor width.
Exterior Corridors or Balconies
Where exterior corridors or balconies are provided as means of exit, they shall open to the outside air except for railing or balustrades, with stairs or level exits to grade not over 250 feet apart, so located that an exit will be available in either direction from the door to any individual room or space, with dead ends not to exceed 20 feet. If balconies are enclosed by glass or in any other manner, they shall be treated as interior corridors. The floors of balconies (exterior corridor) and stairs shall be solid, without openings, and shall comply with requirements for outside stairs as regards balustrades or railings, width and pitch of stairs, and other details, but are not required to be shielded from fire within the building by blank walls, wired glass windows or the like where the stairs are located on the side to balcony or corridor away from the building and are separated from the building by the full required width of the balcony or corridor. Regardless of other provisions, exterior balconies and stairs may be of the same type of construction as the building which they serve.
Exit Arrangement
Exits shall be so arranged that at least 2 separate exits will be available from every floor area. Exits shall be as remote from each other as practicable, so arranged that there will be no pockets or dead ends of appreciable size in which occupants may be trapped, and in no case shall any dead-end corridor extend more than 20 feet beyond the stairway or other means of exit there from. Every classroom or room used for educational purposes or student occupancy, below the floor or exit discharge, shall have access to at least 1 exit which leads directly to the exterior at level of discharge, without entering the floor above.
Door Closure
All Exit doors shall be kept normally closed or protected by an approved self-closing assembly.
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Door Swing
If a room or space is subject to occupancy by more than 50 persons, exit doors shall swing out. Only 1 locking or latching device shall be permitted on a door or a leaf or a pair of doors.
Panic Hardware
Any interior door and any room door subject to use by 100 or more persons shall be operated by bars or other panic hardware devices except that a door leading directly to the outside from a classroom occupied by less than 100 persons be equipped with the same knob-operated schoolhouse type lock as is used on classroom doors leading to corridor, with no provision whatsoever for locking against egress from the classroom.
Lighting and Signs
All educational buildings shall have adequate exit illumination in accordance with Section 5-10 of the 1985 edition of the Life Safety Code. Flexible plan and open plan buildings and buildings designed for night occupancy and portions of buildings having interior and windowless rooms, area, and corridors, shall have Type 1 emergency exit illumination. All educational buildings shall have signs designating the location of exits or the path of travel to reach them.
Windows for Rescue and Ventilation
Except in buildings with complete sprinkler protection every room or space used for classroom or other educational purposes or normally subject to student occupancy, unless it has a door leading directly to the outside of the building, shall have at least one outside window which can readily be used for emergency rescue or ventilation purposes.
Interior Corridors
Every interior corridor shall be of construction having not less than a 1 hour fire resistance rating, and all openings therein protected accordingly. Room doors may be 1-3/4 inch solid bonded core wood doors or the equivalent. Such corridor protection shall not be required when all classrooms served by such corridors have at least one door directly to the outside or to an exterior balcony or corridor. Any interior corridor more than 300 feet in length shall be divided into sections not to exceed 300 feet in length by smoke barriers, consisting of partitions with smoke stop doors therein. Such partitions shall be continuous through any concealed space such as between the hung ceiling and the floor or roof above. Doors in smoke barriers shall be at least the equivalent of metal., metal covered, 1-2/3 inch solid bonded core wood or approved treated wood construction, with clear wire glass panels. Such doors shall be self-closing and shall be either single or in pairs. They shall close the opening completely with only such clearance as is reasonable necessary for proper operations.
Automatic Sprinkler Protection
Every portion of educational buildings below the floor or exit discharge (no door leading directly to the exterior) shall be protected with complete automatic sprinkler protection.
Hazardous Areas
An area used for general storage, boiler or furnace rooms, fuel storage, janitors closets, maintenance shops including woodworking and painting areas, laundries and kitchens, shall be separated from other parts of the building with construction having not less than 1-hour fire resistance rating and all openings shall be protected with self-closing fire doors, or such area shall be provided with automatic sprinkler protection. Where the hazard is sever, both the fire-resistive separation and automatic sprinklers shall be provided.
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POWERED PLATFORMS, MANLIFTS AND VEHICLE-MOUNTED WORK PLATFORMS
Elevators
Test and Certification of Periodic Inspection
Existing installations, and new installations, after being placed in service, shall be subjected to periodic inspection and tests at regular intervals to determine that the equipment is in safe operating condition and as required by the authority having jurisdiction.
Loading
Freight elevators shall not be loaded to exceed their rated load as specified on the capacity plate, and shall not be used to carry passengers.
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT
Occupational Noise Exposure
In areas where noise levels are above the prescribed permissible levels (90 DBA), engineering and/or administrative controls will be employed to reduce the sound levels to within prescribed levels. Where such controls are not feasible, personal protective equipment will be provided and used.
Gases, Vapors, Fumes, Dusts, and Mists
Where employees are exposed to harmful concentrations of gases, fumes, vapor, dust, and mist such as those liberated or generated by processes such as welding, heating, cutting, plating, degreasing, etc., precautions shall be taken to reduce the exposure to acceptable levels. Such precautions may include a properly designed and installed ventilation system, personal protective equipment, or rotation of personnel to minimize individual exposure. Where contaminant concentrations are flammable, approved explosion proof equipment shall be used. This equipment shall meet the requirements for the worse case of air contamination.
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The amount of ventilation provided shall be in accordance with the following guide:
Air space in room in Cubic Feet of outside
air per minute per person
Less than 200 20
201 - 500 15
501 - 1000 10
Over 1000 5
Provisions should be made for the entrance of clean, tempered air into the building to replace air removed by exhaust systems. The volume flow of such make-up air should be equal to or greater than the exhaust rate. Inlets should be arranged and located so that workers are not subjected to drafts of air having a temperature of more than 10 F. Below room temperature. The intake for the air supply shall be so located as to prevent insofar as possible the intake of contaminants from exhaust systems, process vents, or other sources. Where artificial ventilation is necessary for the maintenance of comfortable working conditions, ventilation systems shall be installed, and they should provide:
A. Thermal comfort at 70 to 80 F. (20 -25 C)
B. 30 to 60 percent relative humidity, and
C. Air movement of no more than 25fpm.
Hazardous Materials
The Hazard Communication Standard applies to this section. This section is not intended and does not meet the requirements of the Hazard Communication Standard.
Gases, Vapors, Fumes, Dusts, and Mists
Control Measures
Feasible administrative or engineering controls such as work rotation, time limitations, process or local exhaust ventilation and/or process isolation, must first be determined and implemented in all cases. In cases where protective equipment in addition to other measures is used as the method of protecting the employee, such protection must be approved for each specific application by a competent industrial hygienist or other technically qualified source.
Testing of Dangerous or Potentially Dangerous Atmospheres in Confined Work Spaces
Before employees are initially permitted to enter any confined work space (tank, underground structure, vat, etc.), the atmosphere within the space to be entered shall be tested by a competent person to determine the concentrations of flammable vapors or gases, toxic atmospheric contaminants and oxygen.
Control Measures
If such tests indicate that the atmosphere in the space to be entered contains (1) a concentration of flammable vapor or gas greater than 10 percent of the lower explosive limit, and/or
(2) a concentration of toxic contaminants above the threshold limit value and/or (3) less than 16.5 percent oxygen, appropriate control measures shall be instituted. (Control measures may consist of forced or natural ventilation, use of personal protective equipment, administrative controls or a combination of these and other effective control techniques.
In those circumstances where a man must enter an area before a safe level is achieved, such as setting up ventilation equipment, etc., approved personal protective equipment for the hazards involved shall be provided and worn.
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Emergency Procedures
In all cases when an employee is stationed outside a compartment tank, or space as a tender for the men working inside, he shall have immediately available for emergency use all necessary personal protective equipment equivalent to that required for the men inside. He shall wear the personal protective equipment if he is exposed for prolonged periods which are hazardous to his health. Employees entering a toxic or flammable atmosphere shall be provided with and use an adequate, attended lifeline.
Combustible Dust
Where combustible dust accumulates or is present in suspension in the air, electrical installations and equipment shall be suitable for use in atmospheres containing the combustible dust. Precautions should be taken to minimize the possibility of ignitions by static electrical sparks, through static grounding of machines or equipment, grounded metal comb for belts, humidification or other effective means. Precautions to eliminate other sources of ignition should also be followed.
Oxidizing Agents
Storage
Oxidizing agents shall be stored only in rooms or buildings of fire resistive construction. They shall be separated from supplies of fuels, flammable materials, and acids. Solutions of oxidizing agents shall be placed only in non-absorbent and noncombustible containers. Residue in discarded containers should be burned out in the open and the container should not be re-used. Spills must be cleaned up immediately, and should not be salvaged.
Protective Clothing
Employees handling oxidizing agents should wear flame proof clothing as minimum protection. The clothing should be stored in metal containers when it becomes contaminated. Clothing shall be laundered frequently to minimize the hazard.
Flammable and Combustible Liquids
General
Flammable liquids shall mean any liquid having a flash point of below 140 and having a vapor pressure not exceeding 40 pounds per square inch (absolute at 100 F. and may be subdivided as follows: Class I liquids shall include those having flash points below 100 F. and may be subdivided as follows: Class IB shall include those having flash points below 75 F. and having a boiling point at or above 100 F. Class IC shall include those having flash points at or above 75 F. and below 100 F. Class II liquids shall include those having flash point at or above 100 F. and below 140 F.
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Combustible Liquids
Combustible liquids shall mean any liquid having a flash point at or above 140 F. (60 C), and shall be known as Class III liquids. Class IIIA shall include those having flash points at or above 140 F. (60 C) and below 200 F.
NOTE: The upper limit of 200 F. should not be construed as indicating that liquids with high flash points are non-combustible.
Sources of Ignition
In locations where flammable vapors may be present precautions shall be taken to prevent ignition by eliminating or controlling sources of ignition. All electrical equipment and wiring shall be of a type specified by, and shall be installed in accordance with the National Electric Code, (N.F.P.A. 70). To prevent ignition from static electricity, flammable liquids shall not be dispensed unless the nozzle and container are electrically interconnected. Smoking shall be prohibited except in designated localities. "NO SMOKING" signs shall be conspicuously posted where hazard from flammable liquid vapors is normally present. Heating shall be by steam or hot water only. Open flames shall not be permitted in flammable or combustible liquid storage areas. Hot work such as welding or cutting operations, use of spark-producing tools, and chipping operations shall be permitted only under supervision of a responsible individual in charge. The individual in charge shall make an inspection of the area to ensure that safety procedures are followed for the work specified. Additional information on fire prevention and protection as well as specific supervisory responsibilities for safety of hot work outlined in National Fire Protection Association, Section 51B should be reviewed and applied as applicable.
Flammable or Combustible Liquid Storage
Flammable or combustible liquids shall be stored in tanks or closed containers, approved for the specific purpose by class of liquid, volume and location. Reference shall be made to the specific code for situations not covered below.
Portable Containers
Safety cans shall be used as containers for storage and/or handling of flammable liquids in quantities of 5 gallons or less.
Drum Storage
Metal drums acceptable for the interstate shipment of flammable liquids shall be used for the storage and/or handling of flammable liquids in quantities of more than 5 gallons but less than 60 gallons.
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Storage Limitations Outside of Cabinets
Not more than 25 gallons of flammable liquids shall be stored outside of a storage cabinet or inside storage room.
Storage Cabinets
Not more than 60 gallons of flammable liquid shall be stored in a storage cabinet.
Inside Storage Rooms
Flammable liquids in excess of 60 gallons shall be stored outside or in an inside storage room having a fire resistance of at least 1 hour, sills at all openings of at least 4 inches in height, liquid tight floors, electrical equipment, if any suitable for hazardous locations, a gravity of mechanical exhaust ventilation system, and portable fire extinguishing equipment having a rating of at least 20 B:C.
Tank Storage
Storage tanks shall be adequately vented to prevent the development of excessive vacuum or pressure as a result of filling, emptying or atmospheric temperature changes. Emergency venting shall be provided that will relieve excessive internal pressure caused by exposure to fires.
Special Extinguishing Equipment
Special extinguishing equipment shall be provided as the need is indicated by the special hazards of operation, dispensing or storage.
Containers Storage-Indoor Liquid Warehouses
Storage buildings located less than 50 feet from another building shall have the exposing wall blank and of a fire resistance of at least 2 hours. Containers in piles shall be separated by pallets or dunn age where necessary to provide stability and to prevent excessive stress on container walls. No pile shall be closer than 3 feet to the nearest beam, chord, girder or other obstructions, fire protection equipment or fire door. Aisles at least 3 feet in width shall be provided where necessary for access to doors, windows or fire protection equipment.
Fire Protection-Container Storage
At least one portable fire extinguisher having a rating of not less than 20-B units shall be located not less than 10 feet, nor more than 25 feet, from any flammable liquid storage area.
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Flammable and Combustible Liquid Handling
Equipment shall be designed and arrange to prevent the unintentional escape of liquids and vapors and to minimize the quantity escaping in the event of accidental release. Flammable or combustible liquids shall be kept in closed containers when not in use, and transferred into vessels or containers within buildings only through a closed piping system, from safety cans or by means of a device drawing through an approved self-closing valve. Transferring any means of air pressure on the container shall be prohibited. Areas in which flammable or combustible liquids are transferred from one tank or container to another shall be separated from other operations by at least 25 feet or by construction having a fire resistance of at least one hour.
Ventilation
Enclosed buildings shall be ventilated at a rate of not less than one cubic foot per minute per square foot of solid floor area. Ventilation shall be arranged to include all floor areas and pits where flammable vapors may collect.
Spillage and Drainage
Where flammable or combustible liquids are used or handled, means shall be provided to dispose promptly and safely of leakage or spills. Emergency drainage systems, if connected to public sewer or discharged into public waterways, shall be equipped with traps or separators.
Fire Protection
Portable fire extinguishers and control equipment shall be provided in such quantities and types as are needed for the special hazards of operation and storage.
Acids, Caustics and Other Harmful Substances
Carboys and Drums
Carboys shall be provided with inclinators, or the acid shall be withdrawn from the carboys by means of pumping without pressure in carboy, or by means of hand operating siphons. Carboys and drums should be stored in a cool, dry place away from the direct rays of the sun and from heat source. Empty carboys should be inverted and drained thoroughly. Carboys containing acids should be elevated from the floor to keep the bottom of the crates dry and does not touch the glass neck or the wooden hoods of the lower carboys. At least one side to each carboy must be exposed to permit detection of leakers. Generally, when carboy shipments are received, the stoppers should be loosened carefully and then re-tightened.
Protective Equipment
Face shields, aprons, and rubber gloves shall be provided for workmen handling acids or caustics.
Emergency Showers
Suitable facilities for quick drenching or flushing of the eyes and body shall be provided within 25 feet of the work area and kept accessible for immediate emergency use.
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Compressed and/or Liquefied Gases
Cylinder Storage
Storage rooms should be dry, cool, and well ventilated with enclosures having a fire resistance of at least 1 hour. Where flammable gases are stored, the storage room shall have all electrical equipment and wring installed and maintained in accordance with Article 501 of the National Electrical Code. Cylinders should be grouped by type of gas and the groups segregated as to compatibility. Charged and empty cylinders should not be stored at temperatures above 125 F. in indirect sunlight, or subjected to artificially created low temperatures. Where removable caps are provided for valve protection, such caps should be kept on cylinders at all times except when cylinders are in use. Cylinders shall be properly supported to prevent them from being knocked over. Cylinders should be protected against tampering and damage. Oxygen cylinders shall be separated from fuel gas cylinders a minimum distance of 20 feet or by a non-combustible partition having a fire resistance of at least 1 hour. Cylinders shall not be stored near combustible substances. Cylinders should be constructed and maintained in accordance with the Department of Transportation regulations. Cylinder valves shall be kept closed except when the cylinder is in active use.
Storage and Handling of Specific Gases - liquefied Petroleum Gases (Flammable)
Containers and first stage regulating equipment, if used, shall be located outside of buildings (exceptions provided). Each individual container shall be located with respect to the nearest important building or group of buildings. Filling of fuel containers for industrial trucks shall be performed outdoors not less than 25 feet from a frame building or wall opening.
Anhydrous Ammonia (Flammable)
Containers shall be located outside of buildings or in buildings or sections thereof specially provided for this purpose.
Acetylene (Flammable)
Acetylene shall not be generated, piped or utilized at a pressure in excess of 15 pounds per square inch gauge (30 pounds per square inch absolute). Acetylene cylinders shall be stored and used in an upright position. Quantities of acetylene exceeding 2,000 cubic feet shall be stored in a special building or a separate specially constructed room, having a fire resistance of at least 1 hour. At least one wall shall be an exterior wall.
Hydrogen-Liquefied (Flammable)
Special storage rooms shall have a fire resistance of at least 2 hours. Openings into other parts of the buildings are prohibited. At least one wall shall be an exterior wall with explosion venting.
Oxygen-Non-Medical
Oxygen cylinders shall be separated from fuel gas cylinders or combustible material a minimum distance of 20 feet or by a non-combustible barrier at least 5 feet high and having a fire resistance rating of at least 1/2 hour.
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Fittings and Connections
Special attention shall be directed to special restrictions for certain gases which prohibit the interchange of fittings and hoses. Special threads and connections are designed for specific gases and equipment. Never force connections that do not fit. Threads on regulator connections must be the same as those on cylinder valve outlet.
Spray Finishing Using Flammable or Combustible Liquids, Combustible Powders or Oxidizing Materials
Locations
Spray finishing operations should be separated from other areas by construction having a fire resistance of at least 2 hours and provided with automatic sprinkler protection. Spray finishing operations should be confined to properly constructed spray booths, rooms, or tunnels.
Spray Booths
Spray booths shall be substantially constructed of steel, concrete, or masonry with interior surfaces smooth and continuous without edges and otherwise designed to prevent pocketing of residue and facilitate cleaning. Space within spray booth having a frontal area greater than 9 square feet should be protected with automatic sprinkler. A clear space of at lest 3 feet around spray booths shall be maintained.
Electrical Equipment
There shall be no electrical equipment in any spraying area subject to deposits of combustible residues. Electrical equipment located in spraying area or within 20 feet of a spraying area shall be installed and maintained in accordance with Chapter 5 of the National Electrical Code.
Over spray and Residue
All Spraying area shall be kept free from the accumulation deposits of combustible residues. If there are excessive accumulations of residue in booths, ducts, dust discharge points or other spraying areas, then all spraying operations should be discontinued until conditions are corrected.
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Ventilation
All spraying areas shall be provided with mechanical ventilation adequate to remove flammable vapor or mists to a safe location and to confine and control combustible residues so that life or property is not endangered.
Flammable and Combustible Liquid Storage
The quantity of flammable or combustible liquids kept in the vi | 
